Highways and Byways in Cambridge and Ely — Reading Notes

Highways versus Byways: A Structural Principle

The preface establishes a clear dichotomy: highways are functional, byways are charming. This is not merely a rhetorical flourish but a structural principle. The book devotes substantial space to Cambridge and Ely—the 'highway' destinations—but also promises that exploration of country lanes is 'time well spent.' The excerpt on Royston exemplifies the byway approach: it traces the town's origin to a Roman road junction, a wayside cross, and a priory dedicated to St. Thomas of Canterbury, then follows the later history of a prehistoric 'dene hole' turned hermitage. Conybeare's method is to move from a physical feature (the Icknield Way, the Ermine Street) to a chain of human events, often spanning centuries. The catalog subject 'Description and travel' thus understates the book's historical depth; it is as much a local history as a travel guide.

The Royston Excursus: Evidence of the Author's Method

The Royston passage, though a small sample, reveals Conybeare's characteristic voice: precise about topography ('the Icknield Way, here crossed by another presumably British and certainly Roman road, the Ermine Street'), alert to etymology ('Roesia's Town, or Royston'), and fond of curious details (the hermit's rope ladder 'twenty-five feet long'). He does not merely describe; he explains how a place came to be. The cave's 'bottle-shaped excavation' is linked to prehistoric chalk mining, then to a twelfth-century hermit, then to its rediscovery after 250 years of oblivion. This layering of time—prehistoric, Roman, medieval, Reformation, modern—is typical of the book's approach. The catalog subject 'Description and travel' fits, but the excerpts show a work more invested in narrative archaeology than in picturesque scenery alone.

What the Catalog Subjects Omit

The catalog lists 'Cambridgeshire (England) — Description and travel' and 'Isle of Ely (England) — Description and travel,' but the excerpts reveal a strong emphasis on ecclesiastical history and the survival of medieval institutions. The Royston section dwells on the Priory's suppression, the rededication of its church to St. John the Baptist (to avoid Henry VIII's 'bête noire, Thomas à Becket'), and the persistence of 'Becket Fair' into the twentieth century. Conybeare also notes the legal curiosity that Royston's magistrates could cross the Icknield Way to exercise authority in either Cambridgeshire or Hertfordshire. These details are not strictly 'description' or 'travel' but rather historical and administrative commentary. Readers expecting a straightforward itinerary may be surprised by the density of antiquarian digression. The book's subtitle—'with special regard to the points mostly passed over in guide-books'—is a more accurate guide to its contents than the catalog subjects.

Conybeare's work rewards the reader who enjoys following a single road—the Icknield Way, for instance—through multiple centuries of use and reuse. The excerpts suggest that the book is best approached not as a continuous narrative but as a series of linked essays, each anchored to a specific location. Readers may wish to consult a map alongside the text, as the author assumes familiarity with the region's geography. The illustrations by Frederick L. Griggs, though not sampled here, are integral to the volume's character; they complement the text's focus on architectural and landscape detail.